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Ke hobane'ng ha SiC e le "bomolimo" hakaale?

Ha ho bapisoa le li-semiconductors tse thehiloeng ho silicon, SiC (silicon carbide) li-semiconductors tsa matla li na le melemo e mengata ea ho fetola maqhubu, tahlehelo, ho senya mocheso, miniaturization, joalo-joalo.

Ka tlhahiso e kholo ea li-inverters tsa silicon carbide ke Tesla, lik'hamphani tse ngata le tsona li se li qalile ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa silicon carbide.

SiC e "makatsa", e entsoe joang lefatšeng? Likopo ke life hona joale? Ha re bone!

01 ☆ Tsoalo ea SiC

Joalo ka li-semiconductors tse ling tsa matla, ketane ea indasteri ea SiC-MOSFET e kenyelletsakristale e telele - substrate - epitaxy - moralo - tlhahiso - sehokelo sa ho paka. 

Khalase e telele

Nakong ea sehokelo se selelele sa kristale, ho fapana le ho lokisoa ha mokhoa oa Tira o sebelisoang ke silicon e le 'ngoe ea kristale, silicon carbide e sebelisa haholo mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa khase ea' mele (PVT, e tsejoang hape e le mokhoa o ntlafalitsoeng oa Lly kapa peo ea kristale ea peo), mokhoa o phahameng oa mocheso oa lik'hemik'hale oa khase (HTCVD). ) tlatsetso.

☆ Mohato oa mantlha

1. Carbonic solid material e tala;

2. Ka mor'a ho futhumatsa, sepakapaka sa carbide se fetoha khase;

3. Khase e fallela holim'a kristale ea peo;

4. Khase e mela holim'a kristale ea peō ho ba kristale.

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Mohloli oa litšoantšo: "Technical Point to disassemble PVT silicon carbide"

Boqapi bo fapaneng bo bakile likotsi tse peli tse kholo ha li bapisoa le motheo oa silicon:

Ntlha ea pele, tlhahiso e boima 'me chai e tlaase.Thempereichara ea khase e thehiloeng ho khase e hola ka holimo ho 2300 ° C 'me khatello ke 350MPa. Lebokose lohle le lefifi le etsoa, ​​​​'me ho bonolo ho kopanya le litšila. Lihlahisoa li tlase ho feta motheo oa silicon. E kholoanyane bophara, chai e tlase.

Ea bobeli ke khōlo e liehang.Tsamaiso ea mokhoa oa PVT e lieha haholo, lebelo le ka ba 0.3-0.5mm / h, 'me e ka hōla 2cm ka matsatsi a 7. Boholo bo ka hola 3-5cm feela, 'me bophara ba kristale ingot ke boholo ba lisenthimithara tse 4 le lisenthimithara tse 6.

72H e thehiloeng ho Silicon e ka hola ho fihla bolelele ba 2-3m, ka bophara ba boholo ba lisenthimithara tse 6 le tlhahiso e ncha ea 8-inch bakeng sa lisenthimithara tse 12.Ka hona, silicon carbide hangata e bitsoa crystal ingot, 'me silicon e fetoha thupa ea kristale.

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Carbide silicon crystal ingots

Substrate

Ka mor'a hore kristale e telele e phethoe, e kena ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea substrate.

Ka mor'a ho itšeha ka mokhoa o lebisitsoeng, ho sila (ho sila ka thata, ho sila hantle), ho belisoa (ho belisoa ka mechine), ho hloekisoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng (lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale), ho fumanoa substrate ea silicon carbide.

The substrate haholo-holo bapalakarolo ea ts'ehetso ea 'mele, conductivity ea mocheso le conductivity.Bothata ba ho sebetsa ke hore thepa ea silicon carbide e phahame, e crispy, ebile e tsitsitse ka thepa ea lik'hemik'hale. Ka hona, mekhoa ea setso e thehiloeng ho silicon ha e ea lokela silicon carbide substrate.

Boleng ba phello ea ho itšeha bo ama ka kotloloho ts'ebetso le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso (litšenyehelo) tsa lihlahisoa tsa silicon carbide, ka hona ho hlokahala hore e be tse nyane, botenya bo ts'oanang, le ho itšeha ho tlase.

Hajoale,4-inch le 6-inch haholo-holo e sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa ho seha ka mela e mengata,seha likristale tsa silicon ka lilae tse tšesaane tse nang le botenya bo sa feteng 1mm.

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Sets'oants'o sa moralo oa ho seha ka mela e mengata

Nakong e tlang, ka keketseho ea boholo ba liphaphatha tsa silicon tse nang le carbonized, keketseho ea litlhoko tsa tšebeliso ea thepa e tla eketseha, 'me theknoloji e kang laser slicing le karohano e batang le eona e tla sebelisoa butle-butle.

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Ka selemo sa 2018, Infineon e ile ea fumana Siltectra GmbH, e ileng ea hlahisa ts'ebetso e ncha e tsejoang e le ho phatloha ho batang.

Ha ho bapisoa le tahlehelo e tloaelehileng ea ho itšeha ka terata e mengata ea 1/4,mokhoa o batang oa ho phunyeha o ile oa lahleheloa ke 1/8 feela ea thepa ea silicon carbide.

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Katoloso

Kaha lisebelisoa tsa silicon carbide ha li khone ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa matla ka ho toba holim'a substrate, lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng li hlokahala holim'a lera la katoloso.

Ka hona, ka mor'a hore tlhahiso ea substrate e phethoe, filimi e khethehileng e le 'ngoe e tšesaane ea kristale e hōlileng holim'a substrate ka mokhoa oa ho atolosa.

Hona joale, mokhoa oa ho beha lik'hemik'hale oa lik'hemik'hale (CVD) o sebelisoa haholo-holo.

Moralo

Ka mor'a hore substrate e etsoe, e kena sethaleng sa moralo oa lihlahisoa.

Bakeng sa MOSFET, sepheo sa moralo oa moralo ke moralo oa groove,ka lehlakoreng le leng ho qoba ho tlola molao wa patent(Infineon, Rohm, ST, joalo-joalo, ba na le moralo oa patent), 'me ka lehlakoreng le leng hokopana le litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso le tlhahiso.

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Mokhoa oa ho etsa liphaephe

Kamora hore moralo oa sehlahisoa o phetheloe, o kena mothating oa ho etsa lihlahisoa,'me mokhoa ona o batla o tšoana le oa silicon, eo haholo-holo e nang le mehato e 5 e latelang.

☆Mohato oa 1: Enta maske

Lera la silicon oxide (SiO2) filimi e etsoa, ​​photoresist e koahetsoe, mokhoa oa photoresist o thehoa ka mehato ea homogenization, ho pepeseha, nts'etsopele, joalo-joalo, 'me setšoantšo se fetisetsoa filiming ea oxide ka mokhoa oa etching.

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☆Mohato oa 2: Ho kenngoa ha Ion

Sephaphatha sa silicon carbide se kentsoeng ka har'a sehlomathiso sa ion, moo li-ion tsa aluminium li kenngoang ho etsa sebaka sa P-type doping, ebe se kenngoa ho kenya li-ion tsa aluminium tse kentsoeng.

Filimi ea oxide e tlosoa, li-ion tsa naetrojene li kenngoa sebakeng se itseng sa sebaka sa P-mofuta oa doping ho etsa sebaka sa N-mofuta o tsamaisang metsi le mohloli, 'me li-ion tsa nitrogen tse kenngoeng lia kenngoa ho li kenya tšebetsong.

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☆Mohato oa 3: Etsa marang-rang

Etsa grid. Sebakeng se pakeng tsa mohloli le drain, lera la oxide la heke le lokiselitsoe ke ts'ebetso e phahameng ea oxidation ea mocheso, 'me lera la li-electrode tsa heke le kenngoa ho theha sebopeho sa taolo ea heke.

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☆Mohato oa 4: Ho etsa likarolo tsa passivation

Passivation layer e entsoe. Beha lesela la passivation le nang le litšobotsi tse ntle tsa ho koala ho thibela ho senyeha ha interelectrode.

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☆Mohato oa 5: Etsa li-electrode tsa mohloli oa drainage

Etsa drainage le mohloli. Lera la passivation le phunyeletsoa 'me tšepe e phunyeletsoa ho etsa draina le mohloli.

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Mohloli oa lifoto: Xinxi Capital

Leha ho na le phapang e nyane lipakeng tsa boemo ba ts'ebetso le silicon e thehiloeng, ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsa lisebelisoa tsa silicon carbide,ho kenngoa ha ion le ho annealing ho lokela ho etsoa sebakeng sa mocheso o phahameng(ho fihlela ho 1600 ° C), mocheso o phahameng o tla ama sebopeho sa lattice sa thepa ka boeona, 'me bothata bo tla boela bo ama chai.

Ho feta moo, bakeng sa likarolo tsa MOSFET,boleng ba heke ea oksijene e ama ka ho toba motsamao oa mocha le ho tšepahala ha heke, hobane ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea silicon le liathomo tsa carbon ka har'a thepa ea silicon carbide.

Ka hona, ho hlokahala mokhoa o khethehileng oa khōlo ea liheke (ntlha e 'ngoe ke hore letlapa la silicon carbide le bonaletsa,' me boemo ba ho tsamaisana le boemo ba photolithography bo thata ho silicon).

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Ka mor'a hore tlhahiso ea li-wafer e phethoe, chip e le 'ngoe e khaoloa ka har'a chip e se nang letho' me e ka pakoa ho latela morero. Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa lisebelisoa tsa discrete ke sephutheloana sa TO.

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650V CoolSiC™ MOSFETs ka har'a sephutheloana sa TO-247

Setšoantšo: Infineon

Sebaka sa likoloi se na le matla a phahameng le litlhoko tsa ho senya mocheso, 'me ka linako tse ling hoa hlokahala ho haha ​​ka ho toba li-circuits tsa borokho (halofo ea borokho kapa borokho bo feletseng, kapa bo phuthetsoe ka ho toba ka diode).

Ka hona, hangata e kenngoa ka kotloloho ho li-module kapa litsamaiso. Ho ea ka palo ea li-chips tse kentsoeng mojuleng o le mong, mokhoa o tloaelehileng ke 1 ho 1 (BorgWarner), 6 ho 1 (Infineon), joalo-joalo, 'me lik'hamphani tse ling li sebelisa morero o tšoanang oa tube e le 'ngoe.

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Borgwarner Viper

E ts'ehetsa ho pholile ha metsi ka mahlakoreng a mabeli le SiC-MOSFET

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Li-module tsa Infineon CoolSiC™ MOSFET

Ho fapana le silicon,silicon carbide modules e sebetsa ka mocheso o phahameng, hoo e ka bang 200 ° C.

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Traditional bonolo solder mocheso melting ntlha mocheso ke tlaase, a ke ke a kopana le ditlhoko tsa mocheso. Ka hona, li-module tsa silicon carbide hangata li sebelisa mokhoa o tlase oa mocheso oa silevera oa sintering.

Kamora hore mojule o phetheloe, o ka sebelisoa ho sistimi ea likarolo.

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Tesla Model3 molaoli oa motlakase

The bare chip e tsoa ho ST, sephutheloana se iketselitseng le sistimi ea ho khanna ea motlakase

☆02 Boemo ba tšebeliso ea SiC?

Sebakeng sa likoloi, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase li sebelisoa haholo hoDCDC, OBC, li-inverters tsa motlakase, li-inverters tsa moea tsa motlakase, ho tjhaja waelese le likarolo tse ling.tse hlokang phetoho e potlakileng ea AC/DC (DCDC haholo-holo e sebetsa joalo ka switch e potlakileng).

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Senepe: BorgWarner

Ha ho bapisoa le lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng ho silicon, lisebelisoa tsa SIC li phahamematla a maholo a ho senyeha ha avalanche(3×106V/cm),molemo conductivity ea mocheso(49W/mK) lelekhalo le pharaletseng la sehlopha(3.26eV).

Ha lekhalo la lihlopha le pharalla, ho fokotseha ha leakage ho fokotseha le ho sebetsa hantle. Ho molemo ho etsa hore mocheso o be le mocheso o phahameng, o eketsa bongata ba hona joale. Ho matlafala ha sekhahla sa ho senyeha ha avalanche ho matla ke hore, ho hanyetsa motlakase oa sesebelisoa ho ka ntlafatsoa.

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Ka hona, lebaleng la li-voltage tse phahameng, li-MOSFET le SBD tse lokiselitsoeng ke lisebelisoa tsa silicon carbide ho nka sebaka sa motsoako o teng oa silicon-based IGBT le FRD li ka ntlafatsa matla le katleho,haholo-holo maemong a phahameng a ts'ebeliso ea khafetsa ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea ho fetola.

Hajoale, ho na le monyetla oa ho fihlela lits'ebetso tse kholo ho li-motor inverters, tse lateloang ke OBC le DCDC.

Sethala sa motlakase sa 800V

Sethaleng sa motlakase sa 800V, monyetla oa maqhubu a phahameng o etsa hore likhoebo li rate ho khetha tharollo ea SiC-MOSFET. Ka hona, boholo ba moralo oa hajoale oa taolo ea elektroniki oa 800V SiC-MOSFET.

Moralo oa boemo ba sethala o kenyelletsaE-GMP ea sejoale-joale, GM Otenergy - lebala la ho lata, Porsche PPE, le Tesla EPA.Ntle le mefuta ea sethala sa Porsche PPE e sa nkeng SiC-MOSFET ka ho hlaka (mohlala oa pele ke IGBT e thehiloeng ho silica), lipolanete tse ling tsa likoloi li amohela merero ea SiC-MOSFET.

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Sethala sa matla sa Universal Ultra

Moralo oa mohlala oa 800V o feta,mofuta oa Great Wall Salon oa Jiagirong, mofuta oa Beiqi pole Fox S HI, koloi e loketseng ea S01 le W01, Xiaopeng G9, BMW NK1, Changan Avita E11 o ile a re e tla jara 800V sethaleng, ho phaella ho BYD, Lantu, GAC 'an, Mercedes-Benz, zero Run, FAW Red Flag, Volkswagen o ile a boela a re 800V thekenoloji ka lipatlisiso.

Ho tsoa boemong ba litaelo tsa 800V tse fumanoeng ke bafani ba Tier1,BorgWarner, Wipai Technology, ZF, United Electronics, le Huichuantsohle li phatlalalitse li-drive tsa motlakase tsa 800V.

Sethala sa motlakase sa 400V

Sethaleng sa motlakase sa 400V, SiC-MOSFET e shebana haholo le matla a phahameng le matla a matla le ts'ebetso e phahameng.

Joalo ka koloi ea Tesla Model 3\Y e hlahisitsoeng ka bongata hona joale, matla a holimo a BYD Hanhou motor a ka bang 200Kw (Tesla 202Kw, 194Kw, 220Kw, BYD 180Kw), NIO le eona e tla sebelisa lihlahisoa tsa SiC-MOSFET ho qala ho ET7. le ET5 e tla thathamisoa hamorao. Matla a holimo ke 240Kw (ET5 210Kw).

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Ntle le moo, ho latela pono ea ts'ebetso e phahameng, likhoebo tse ling li ntse li lekola bokhoni ba lihlahisoa tse thusang tsa likhohola tsa SiC-MOSFET.


Nako ea poso: Jul-08-2023